Ahiamadu, Amadi Enoch. “Importance of Women Education: A Nigerian Perspective.” In Godly Values and Lifestyles in the Contemporary Society: The Role of Christian Education; A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Esther O. Ayandokun as the First Female Professor Approved in a Theological Institution of the Nigerian Baptist Convention, edited by Otete C. Okodiah, 177–86. Ibadan: Gloryline Christian Publications, 2020.
Ayandokun, Esther O. “Toward an Improved Female Involvement in Ministry for Kingdom Expansion.” In Raising Kingdom Ministers for Christ through Theological Educators, edited by Gabriel O. Olaniyan and Samuel Olugbenga Akintola, 95–107. Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria: Baptist Press (Nig.) Limited, 2017.
Badilla, Flore, Angélique Ngale, and Agnes Ibanda. Women in Theological Education. Interview video, 04:04. Recorded by Mesa Global. Posted 28 August, 2025.
AbstractInterview with three Francophone African women, all having achieved PHDs in theology and serving in their local universities and churches.
Mesa Global is bringing people around the table and fostering leaders serving the church. Learn more about how Mesa Global is using education to reach the nations with the Gospel.
Bam, Brigalia H. What Is Ordination Coming to?: Report of a Consultation on the Ordination of Women Held in Cartigny, Geneva, Switzerland, 21st-26th September 1970. Geneva: World Council of Churches, Dept. on Cooperation of Men and Women in Church, Family and Society, 1971.
Kemdirim, Protus O., and Mercy A. Oduyoye, eds. Women, Culture and Theological Education: Proceedings of West African Association. Enugu, Nigeria: WAATI, 1998.
Kihuha, Mary Wanjiku. The Legacy of Women in Theological Education in Kenya. Presentation video, 01:12:27. Recorded by the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies. Posted 30 October, 2023.
AbstractMary Wanjiku Kihuha is a lecturer at Pan-Africa Christian University Kenya School of Theology and Biblical Studies, a Nagel Institute research grantee as well as a member of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians.
Lateju, R. A. “Involvement of Women in Christian Education.” In The Church, Christian Education and the Future of Africa: A Festschrift in Honor of Rev. Prof. Ezekiel Emiola Nihinlola, edited by Akinwale Oloyede, 141–56. Osogbo: Hirise Celebrity, 2023.
AbstractThis article considers the role of theological education in developing the ministry of the church and the need for it to be relevant to the realities and needs of the people it is to serve. The article considers three factors – racism, imperialism, and tribalism – that influence theological education in different ways. It then turns to a consideration of African-American womanist theology and African women's theology – as reflected in the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians – and the similarities between these two approaches as expressions of liberation theology and their relevance for inclusive global theological education.
Mombo, Esther. African Women’s Envisioning of Mission and Theological Education in the 21st Century and Beyond. Video presentation, 01:37:35. Recorded by the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies. Posted 4 May, 2022.
AbstractEsther Mombo is an associate professor at St. Paul's University in Limuru, Kenya, where she was previously deputy vice chancellor (Academics). She teaches church history and theologies from women’s perspectives. She works closely with the Programme for Christian and Muslim Relations in Africa and is a member of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians. Her areas of service include networking among Christian and Muslim women leaders on issues of dialogue. She has previously served on the Inter-Anglican Doctrinal and Theological Commission. Mombo earned her BD from St. Paul's United Theological College, MPhil from Trinity College Dublin, and PhD at Edinburgh University.
Mwaniki, Lydia. “Enhancing Theological Education for Women in Africa.” The Ecumenical Review 71, no. 4 (2019): 492–96.
AbstractThis paper highlights the models that are being used by African women theologians and the All Africa Conference of Churches to increase women's chances in theological education, hence ensuring equal participation of women and men in church leadership.
Naicker, Linda. “The Journey of South African Women Academics with a Particular Focus on Women Academics in Theological Education.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 39 (August 2013): 325–36.
Naicker, Linda. “The Role of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in Engendering Theological Higher Education in Africa.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 50, no. 2 (August 30, 2024): 12 pages.
AbstractThis article explores the transformative role of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in engendering higher theological education in Africa. Grounded in African Women’s theology, the study analyses initiatives in championing gender equality, inclusivity, and intersectional solidarity within theological academia. The study highlights the historic journey of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in promoting the integration of gender-sensitive curricular and nurturing a new generation of African women theologians. Methodologically, I adopt a qualitative design and use African Women’s Theology as a lens to understand the transformative strides made by the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians towards engendering theological higher education in Africa.
Naidoo, Marilyn. “Undoing Epistemic Violence in Religious Leadership in African Theological Education.” Practical Theology 16, no. 4 (July 4, 2023): 438–50.
AbstractEpistemological injustice refers to situations where individuals or groups are systematically excluded from accessing or contributing to knowledge because of their social identities. Theological knowledge and practices have generalised masculine concerns and experiences and space must be made to value women’s knowing to create inclusive, equitable and emancipating practices that is owned and lived out within the institution. This article explores epistemic violence against African women in theological education that limits their possibility of participation, highlighting how women are still denied full recognition. It engages the practical theological task of making a critical analysis of the gender system by identifying specific frameworks of knowledge that validate and legitimise ways of knowing and practices in educational spaces. By critiquing the positioning of women, anti-women frameworks can be deconstructed and reformed. This article offers interventions that must be realised that enable women to reflect and theorise about their lived experiences. Through the process of finding voice women discover their own subjectivity which dislocates labels, and thereby undoes this violence.
Oduyoye, Mercy Amba. “Standing on Both Feet.” The Ecumenical Review 33, no. 1 (1981): 60–71.
Oduyoye, Mercy Amba. “The Search for a Two-Winged Theology: Women’s Participation in the Development of Theology in Africa—The Inaugural Address.” In Talitha Qumi! Proceedings of the Convocation of African Women Theologians, Trinity College, Legon-Accra September 24-2 October, 1989, edited by Mercy Amba Oduyoye and Musimbi R. A. Kanyoro, 31–56. Accra-North: SWL Press, 1990.
Oduyoye, Mercy. “Doing Popular Theology through the Institute of Women in Religion and Culture in Accra, Ghana.” In Handbook of Theological Education in Africa, edited by Isabel Apawo Phiri, Dietrich Werner, Priscille Djomhoué, and James Amanze. Regnum Studies in Global Christianity. Oxford: Regnum Books International, 2013.
AbstractFounded in 1984 as a Jesuit School of Theology to a few students of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), Hekima University College (HUC) has advanced its mission as a centre for excellent formation, research and intellectual scholarship committed to offering a high-quality, integral, and contextualized education to include students from about fourteen local and international religious congregations.
As part of the celebrations marking the 40th anniversary of the Jesuit institution, Sr Dr Jacinta Opondo, a member of the Franciscan Sisters of St. Anna (FSSA) and a faculty member at HUC Jesuit School of Theology writes about the noble mission of HUC in providing opportunities to religious women to study theology for a stronger foundation for ministry, personal enrichment and greater capacity for leadership.
Opondo, Jacinta Auma. “Synergy in the Transformative Formation of Women Religious: A Case of Hekima University College.” Hekima Review 68 (June 1, 2024).
AbstractFormation is foundational to religious life. It allows candidates to discover, acquire, assimilate and deepen their religious identity. Since family and societal culture constantly change, high-quality ongoing formative programs are indispensable. Yet, despite the aim of formation and the Church’s guidelines on holistic and transformative formation, formation challenges appear perennial and seem to call fora collaborative approach. This article highlights some challenges to the holistic and transformative formation, indicating magisterial responses. It also elucidates the Church’s invitation for a collaborative approach and buttresses the synergetic approach of Hekima University College (HUC)towards the transformative formation of African women religious.
Phiri, Isabel Apawo, and Lilian Siwila. “The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians – Transforming Theological Education.” In Handbook of Theological Education in Africa, edited by Isabel Apawo Phiri, Dietrich Werner, Priscille Djomhoué, and James Amanze. Regnum Studies in Global Christianity. Oxford: Regnum Books International, 2013.
Phiri, Isabel Apawo. “Major Challenges for African Women Theologians in Theological Education (1989–2008).” International Review of Mission 98, no. 1 (April 2009): 105–19.
AbstractThe paper reflects on the major challenges for African women theologians in theological education as presented and experienced in the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (“Circle”) which was launched in Ghana in 1989 as a community of African women theologians who come together to reflect on what it means to them to be women of faith within their experiences of religion, culture, politics and social-economic structures in Africa. Four major challenges are identified that African women theologians have had to contend with and which are still present, namely (1) re-defining the identity of African women theologians; (2) promoting more women to study theology and be on permanent staff; (3) inclusion of African women's theology in the theological curriculum; and (4) collaboration with male theologians.
Phiri, Isabel Apawo. “Women in Theological Education in Malawi.” Religion in Malawi 3 (1991): 24–28.
Priest, Felicia Chinyere, Verena Schafroth, and Marilyn Naidoo, eds. Empowering Voices: African Women in Theological Education. ICETE Series. Carlisle: Langham Global Library, 2025.
Schafroth, Verena. “Excellence in Theological Education in Africa through Gender Equity.” In Empowering Voices: African Women in Theological Education, edited by Felicia Chinyere Priest, Verena Schafroth, and Marilyn Naidoo, 81–99. ICETE Series. Carlisle: Langham Global Library, 2025.
Schafroth, Verena. “The Context and Shape of Theological Education in Mozambique with Special Reference to Women.” International Review of Mission 107, no. 1 (2018): 240–60.
Werner, Dietrich, and Isabel Apawo Phiri, eds. Handbook of Theological Education in Africa. Regnum Studies in Global Christianity. Oxford: Regnum, 2013.
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